Why agents care
The settlement statement is the binding figure that a seller net sheet estimates. Telling sellers so upfront keeps trust intact when final numbers move by a few hundred dollars because of prorations or payoff interest.
A settlement statement itemizes every charge and credit at closing: sale price, payoffs, commissions, taxes, prorations, title and escrow fees, and the net amounts due to or from each party. Depending on the transaction, it may be the ALTA settlement statement, the Closing Disclosure or a HUD-1 for certain transactions.
The settlement statement is the binding figure that a seller net sheet estimates. Telling sellers so upfront keeps trust intact when final numbers move by a few hundred dollars because of prorations or payoff interest.
Example: a seller's net sheet estimated $159,400. The settlement statement showed $158,950 after a tax proration and per-diem payoff interest that weren't in the estimate.
For financed purchases the Closing Disclosure covers the borrower's side. Many title companies also prepare an ALTA settlement statement showing both sides.
Usually a day or two before closing, from the title or escrow company.
Calculators with built-in definitions, free on the Agent plan.